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傳明酸.Tranexamic Acid

Description

Passes on the bright acid (popular name - to break bloodinflammation): Is one kind of hemostatic for takes orally theprescription to use the medicine, also is dermatologist with for thebeautiful white injection prescription, helps the fresh hall to passthrough the long time study, confirmed passes on Ming Suan to utilizeon the skin, may improve the black spot spot flesh cell weak inflammation phenomenon, may prevent the melanin production, the common flesh even if receives the ultraviolet ray illumination injury, even the sun-scald or tanned, crosses the period of time, the melanin or has been able to by the natural metabolism, restored the normal skin color.

Tranexamic Acid is useful in preventing blood loss in: menorrhagia (heavy periods), nosebleeds, tooth removal in people with blood disorders, during surgery and to treat hereditary angioedema (an allergic condition producing swelling and itching of the skin). Tranexamic Acid is available in tablet and injection form.

Tranexamic acid (marketed in the UK under the trade name of "Cyclokapron") is an antifibrinolytic agent which competitively inhibits the activation of plasminogen to plasmin. The drug has affinity for the five lysine-binding sites of plasminogen. It thus promotes clot stability, and is useful as adjunctive therapy in haemophilia and some other bleeding disorders. The use of tranexamic acid has superseded the use of amino caproic acid, which not only has a shorter plasma half-life but is less potent and more toxic. Trials several decades ago established that regular treatment with tranexamic acid alone is of no value in prevention of haemarthroses in haemophilia. It is particularly valuable in controlling bleeding in the mouth in haemophilia and von Willebrand's disease, such as in association with dental surgery. It may also be used to control menorrhagia and epistaxis in von Willebrand's disease. Tranexamic acid is also of use in factor XI deficiency, and its use to cover dental, gynaecological or urological surgery in factor XI-deficient patients may obviate the need for replacement therapy with concentrate or plasma.It should not be used to control haematuria in severe haemophilia, as treatment may precipitate clot colic and even obstruction of the outflow from the urinary pelvis. Similarly, we do not use the drug in the setting of thoracic or abdominal surgery, as this may result in the development of insoluble haematomas.

Tranexamic acid may be given alone or together with standard doses of coagulation factor concentrate. However, it should not be given to patients with inhibitory antibodies receiving activated prothrombin factor concentrates (such as FEIBA or Autoplex) as this may provoke thromboembolism. If treatment with both agents is deemed to be necessary, it is recommended that at least six hours should elapse between the last dose of APCC and the administration of tranexamic acid. By contrast, tranexamic acid may be usefully used in combination with recombinant factor VIIa to enhance haemostasis.

Tranexamic acid

Tranexamic Acid Significantly Reduces Postoperative Blood Loss in Patients Undergoing Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty

Intravenous tranexamic acid administered immediately before cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) significantly reduces postoperative blood loss, particularly in the first 2 hours after surgery, according to a recent Japanese study.

Several strategies have been implemented to reduce surgical bleeding and perioperative allogenic blood transfusion requirements. For example, tranexamic acid is a fibrinolytic inhibitor that is currently used in cardiopulmonary bypass surgery and is being tested in joint replacement therapy. Tranexamic acid has been shown to reduce intraoperative and postoperative bleeding in cemented THA; however, its use has not yet been tested in cementless THA were greater blood loss often occurs.

Satoshi Yamasaki, MD, and colleagues at the Osaka Kosei-Nenkin Hospital, Japan, conducted a prospective, randomised study to evaluate the efficacy of tranexamic acid in patients undergoing cementless THA.

The study included 40 patients (37 men and 3 women, average age 58) with osteoarthritis of the hip who underwent cementless THA under the same protocol. Twenty patients received intravenous whole-body tranexamic acid (1000 mg, Transamin, Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Japan) 5 minutes before surgical incision. Blood loss was measured perioperatively and up to 24 hours postoperatively.

Overall, total bleeding was significantly less in patients given tranexamic acid (mean 1350 mL versus 1667 mL in controls, P<.05). More specifically, postoperative blood loss was significantly less than controls up to 12 hours after surgery; though perioperative blood loss was similar between groups.

The most significant change in postoperative blood loss between groups occurred within the first 2 hours after surgery. During this time, patients receiving tranexamic acid lost on average 169 mL of blood while those not receiving tranexamic acid lost 367 mL (P<.001). No significant differences were observed beyond 2 hours.

Laboratory analysis also revealed that haemoglobin levels were significantly higher on days 1 and 7 in the tranexamic acid group and haematocrit was higher on day 1 as compared to controls.

Notably, in this study there were no reported thromboembolic events up to 1 month postoperatively and no patients required blood transfusion.

The authors conclude that "tranexamic acid administered just before the operation reduced the postoperative blood loss within 12 h and total bleeding in cementless THA." They also note that "further investigation is necessary to determine the dosage or timing of this agent to reduce perioperative and postoperative blood loss in cementless THA."
　

Analysis of Tranexamic acid in cosmetics 

New drug helps hemophiliacs - tranexamic acid

Hemophiliacs have a hereditary deficiency of certainblood proteins, or factors, that help clot the blood. Because of this, they may bleed for a long time following tooth extraction.

The drug, tranexamic acid, blocks the enzymes thatdissolve clots, thus helping the hemophiliac's weak clots to survive. The drug can lessen or eliminate the need for transfusions of blood-clotting factor.

Effect of Tranexamic Acid on Blood Loss Reduction After Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Objective: We evaluated the effect of tranexamic acid on blood loss in patients undergoing elective cardiopulmonary bypass for coronary artery bypass surgery.
Methods: We randomly assigned 7 of 14 patients to a group receiving 50 mg/kg tranexamic acid before skin incision and after the start of cardiopulmonary bypass and the other 7 as controls.
Results: Intraoperative and postoperative blood loss was significantly (p = 0.025) reduced in the tranexamic acid group. A similar decrease in platelet count was observed during cardiopulmonary bypass in both groups. Antithrombin III was significantly (p = 0.013) decreased in both groups during cardiopulmonary bypass. Antithrombin III and thrombin- antithrombin III complexes were significantly (p = 0.001) increased after protamine administration. A significant (p = 0.010) decrease in a2-plasmin inhibitor was noted at 5 and 60 minutes after the start of cardiopulmonary bypass in the tranexamic acid group. a2-plasmin inhibitor-plasmin complexes were significantly (p = 0.001) increased after the start of cardiopulmonary bypass in both groups and were significantly (p = 0.012) decreased after protamine administration. a2-plasmin inhibitor-plasmin complexes in the tranexamic acid group were significantly (p = 0.030) lower than in controls 60 minutes after the start of cardiopulmonary bypass, just prior to the end of cardiopulmonary bypass, and after protamine administration.
Conclusions: These findings showed that tranexamic acid administration effectively prevented perioperative blood loss without thromboembolic complications and that tranexamic acid during cardiopulmonary bypass coordinates the anticoagulative effect of heparin and the antifibrinolytic effect of tranexamic acid.

Effect of Tranexamic Acid

Passes on Ming Suanchien to have guarantees, anti- oxidized, the promotion blood circulation, the sterilization effect wet, can penetrate the flesh internal inhibition melanin production and the promotion metabolism Simultaneously can sterilize guarantees of the tax to live the improvement ultraviolet ray injury to produce roughly, enable the

flesh brightly to have the gloss, but also can prevent the black spot class to form, achieves the best American white effect.

The black spot size, the melanin precipitation density, and the spot precipitation area three aspects all obtain the quite good improvement besides the spot desalination. Gloomily sinks in skin color transparent feeling and the partial skin block in the improvement all to have the satisfying effect because the elimination spot shadow result also causes the whole myo- color bright feeling upward promotion.

Before Taking Tranexamic Acid

Before taking Tranexamic Acid make sure your doctor or pharmacist knows:

• if you are pregnant, trying for a baby or breast-feeding
• if you suffer from kidney problems
• if you suffer from any blood clotting problems, such as thrombosis
• if you are experiencing, or have ever noticed, blood in your urine
• if you are taking any other medicines, including those available to buy without a prescription, herbal and complementary medicines

How to Take Tranexamic Acid

·         Always read the manufacturer's information leaflet, if possible, before beginning treatment.

·         Take Tranexamic Acid exactly as directed by your doctor.

·         Try to take Tranexamic Acid at the same times each day to avoid missing doses.

·         If you are taking Tranexamic Acid for menorrhagia (heavy periods), do not start taking the medicine until your period has started.

·         This medicine is for you. Never give it to others, even if their condition appears to be the same as yours.

·         Never take more than the prescribed dose. If you suspect that you or someone else has taken an overdose of Tranexamic Acid contact your doctor or go to the accident and emergency department of your local hospital at once. Always take the container with you, if possible, even if it is empty.

Getting the most from your treatment

·         Before taking any 'over-the-counter' medicines, check with your pharmacist which medicines are safe for you to take alongside Tranexamic Acid.

·         Keep your regular appointments with your doctor so your progress can be checked.

·         If you are taking Tranexamic Acid for a long time your doctor may want you to have regular eye examinations and liver function tests.

·         Tranexamic Acid can occasionally cause problems with eyesight. Make sure you know your eyesight is unaffected before you drive, operate machinery or do any other jobs which could be dangerous if you were not able to see properly.

Can Tranexamic Acid cause problems?

As well as their useful effects all medicines can cause unwanted side effects. Speak to your doctor or pharmacist if any of the following side effects continue or become troublesome.

Feeling or being sick or diarrhoea.

If you experience problems with your eyesight (particularly with seeing colours) after taking Tranexamic Acid, contact your doctor as soon as possible.

If you experience any other worrying or troublesome symptoms, which you think may be due to this medicine, discuss them with your pharmacist.

How to store Tranexamic Acid

• Keep out of the reach of children.
• Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct light and heat.
• Do not keep any out of date medicines. Discard them safely out of the reach of children or take them to your pharmacist who will dispose of them for you.