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Synthesizing of protein:
The factory of
the manufacturing protein checks the sugar body(ribosome), can let
the message come over also to synthesizes the protein here.It has
two important positions:The P site and A site.The representative of
the P has another the polypeptide, the A represents the sour amino
acid of the amino.
Synthetic way is:
The AUG on the mRNA to should of the CAU(according to usual
practice, the RNA reads the method certainly by 5'to 3') will bring
a methionine with sour amino, if next is a CCG, opposite should of
the CGG will take the sour proline of the amino, these two amino are
sour and then will combine the row, the amino of the P site is sour
and then will come over, with the sour formation peptide of the
amino of the A site (the peptide bond) and become a pair of peptide
(dipeptide), will move 3 pits downwards again after sweet sour, then
is changed into three peptide(tripeptide) by a peptide (dipeptide),
depend on this kind to push.This process is the peptide of the P
siteu Move the amino of the A site sour, and move with 3,three
alkali,the end is to read the in-frame(same"read the frame" are
called the in-frame) to terminate the password son(UAA/UAG/UGA), the
protein synthesizes and then will terminate, the lately- synthesized
protein will be dropped down, the big and small unit(subunit) that
checks the sugar body also will be separated.The big and small unit
that usually checks the sugar body is at the time of synthesizing
the protein and then would link together, separating for the meeting
while synthesizing to terminate.
The amino sour is an
unit of minimum human body, two strings with sour amino are called a
pair of together, Three strings with sour amino are called three
peptide together, The sour above string of four amino is many
peptide together, 50 strings with sour amino are so-called proteins
together.
The peptide Is a shorter protein, many peptide,Have the important
living creature function or activity:
The peptid key(the peptide bond) by a
peroxide
with sour and sour amino, with an one sour amino of the amino , the
C-N key that goes to dehydrate the match to respond and become, have
a pair of property of keys, are on same flat surface with close
together ltogether six atomses,
So the C-N key can't
turn to move freely;The peptid key is the basic unit that
constitutes the protein structure, count for much, please watch for
to study its stereoscopic composing.
In addition to water, in the bio-chemical the first important living
creature numerator that runs into is the amino sour.Explain the sour
structure and property of the amino , see its long appearance, do
what use.In fact, all bio-chemical numerators, can be divided into
the structure and the property both side to explain.
The amino is sour although have 20 kinds of, its basic structure
framework is alike;We will describe the sour structure of familiar
amino inside the body of these living creatures, the classification
explains the pole of its side chain regiment or not very sex
characteristic;Design a subway map for imitating, use to the
structure relation of explaining various with sour amino , and the
convenience remembers;But notice this diagram to metabolize the path
not.Then see how two with sour amino link the peptide.
A lot of such peptide.HAVE already had the physiology function.
Explain the sour and the most important property in the amino
finally, then it is easy very the ion turns of characteristic:On the
sour numerator of the same of amino , bring to have the positive
electricity and negative electricity meanwhile;When these amino is
sour to constitute the protein, this kind of ion property also
continues the protein, educating the ion characteristic of the
protein, giving the protein should have of the form and activity.
Peptide
Many numerator head and tails with sour amino's link
The
Peptide bond of born:
The amino is sour to be like the happy high toy or wooden blocks,
can connect with a per head and tail, constituting a huge numerator
protein.The copular method is very simple, ex- carboxylase with
sour amino and the back a amino with sour amino , was responded by
dehydration then.All still have a amino and thecarboxylase a
peptide's(1-2), can continue to link bottom.The new key that thus
two with sour amino produce, be called the peptide Key(the peptide
bond), as above the C-N in the diagram. Many peptide ? C-N.The key
constituted the framework of the protein, the protein is a biologic
important numerator, therefore peptide Key also can be treated as
basic framework that combines the life.
(Peptide)of the detection is seen as prevent an aging big
breakthrough of the skin, guide the hairdressing protects the skin
science and technology to exceed into the cell to protect the skin
of new era, in 2002 skin science conference in the worlds, the
argument Peptide is converse the skin of aging all-new biotechnology
of a, 2003 the skin section annual convention up the experiment that
announce the Peptide effect announces, the experiment result shows
only the centesimal dosage of needing the equal to vitamin A to can
immediately acquire the same skin improvement effect, and more more
gentle than the vitamin A.
So-called Peptide is also a protein, protein by amino acids(the
Amino Acid) constitute, and Peptide by more than 2-50 amino acidses
constitute, have the physiology activity, what to play is the role
of the hormone or enzyme.The Peptide that uses in the cosmetics,
have another is connected and become by 3-7 amino acidses, often
speak most currently of is 5 or 6 two kinds of, because the amino
acids contain more than 20 kinds, as long as a the amino acids
category that connects to constitute is different, there will be the
different function.
The Peptide molecular weight is very small, don't need to carry the
body particularly or emulsify the technique, but because the Peptide
belongs to get close to water sex, combine fat, become the lipid
solubility Peptide, wear more easily deeply the skin to reach the
result.
Peptode Key Peptide Bond:
l
The
Peptide Bond though single key but have a pair of keys property.
l
Six
atoms of the perimeter of Peptide Bond are on same flat surface.
l
In
front and back two α -carbons with sour amino's are in the opposite
angles(Trans).
How treat a Peptide common sense:
How treat a peptide:
Peptide by several amino's sour with peptide.
[1]The
key constitutes, there is N-C-C-N-C-C on its framework-of the
repetition configures, the protein also is such.For such structure,
have what time the
that should notice and can recognize:
(1)The atom of the both ends distinguish why? Each belong to what
organic functions regiment?
(2) Where is a carbon on the framework? Why to find out a carbon?
(3) Can point out
each amino of unit sour?
(4) Can point out
each peptide.Where is the key?
OHT Peptide-3 is a concentrated, non-oily formulation of the
essential peptides, which absorbs quickly into the skin. These
peptides are natural skin rejuvenating proteins formed inside our
body naturally, acting as excellent emollients (soothing agents of
the skin), as well as superb wrinkle-preventive components. The
essential peptides formulation of the OHT Peptide-3 cream includes
peptide proteins like Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3, Palmitoyl
Tetrapeptide-3, Palmitoyl Oligopeptide etc.
While the research behind the formulation of peptides in the OHT
Peptide-3 cream was to find specific solutions to address the aging
skin, the primary objective was to find a peptides formulation that
would enhance the stimulation of fibroblasts in the skin to produce
collagen and hyaluronic acid. While among the peptides formulation,
the Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3 has helped to stimulate collagen
production and to thicken the epidermis layer of the skin, clinical
reviews have shown that it also has a dramatic effect on reducing
the quantity and depth of wrinkles, besides improving surface
smoothness to a great extent. So, Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3, the most
essential anti-aging skin care agent among the peptides, consists of
a stimulating natural biological process that reverses the aging
process of the skin.
Another interesting peptides formulation in the OHT Peptide-3 cream
is the Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-3, (a synthetic peptide). While
medical science says that inflammation is a protective response to
injury or destruction of tissue, it results in high levels of
inflammatory proteins and slower tissue regeneration as we age. The
Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-3 is the most important among the
peptides to suppress the body's production
of interleukins, since these are the chemical messengers that
trigger the body's inflammatory response. Besides, the Biopeptide-CL
(synthetic protein combined with palmitic acid) is the most
significant among the peptides in the OHT peptide-3 cream, which
acts as a man-made precursor to collagen production.
The
polypeptide chain
Amino acids in proteins (or polypeptides) are joined together by
peptide bonds.
The sequence of R-groups along the chain is called the primary
structure. Secondary structure refers to the local folding of the
polypeptide chain. Tertiary structure is the arrangement of
secondary structure elements in 3 dimensions and quaternary
structure describes the arrangement of a protein's subunits.
Linus Pauling and Robert Corey analysed the geometry and dimensions
of the peptide bonds in the crystal structures of molecules
containing one or a few peptide bonds. Their results are summarised
in this diagram where the consensus bond lengths are shown in
Angstrom units. Bond angles in degrees are also shown for the
peptide N and C atoms.
Note that the C-N bond
length of the peptide is 10% shorter than that found in usual C-N
amine bonds. This is because the peptide bond has some double bond
character (40%) due to resonance which occurs with amides. The two
canonical structures are:
As a consequence of
this resonance all peptide bonds in protein structures are found to
be almost planar, ie atoms Calpha(i), C(i), O(i), N(i+1) H(i+1) and
Calpha(i+1) are approximately co-planar. This rigidity of the
peptide bond reduces the degrees of freedom of the polypeptide
during folding.
The peptide bond nearly
always has the trans configuration since it is more
favourable than cis, which is sometimes found to occur with
proline residues.
As can be seen above,
steric hindrance between the functional groups attached to the
Calpha atoms will be greater in the cis configuration.
However for proline residues, the cyclic nature of the side chain
means that both cis and trans configurations have more
equivalent energies. Thus proline is found in the cis
configuration more frequently than other amino acids. The omega
torsion angle of proline will be close to zero degrees for the
cis configuration, or most often, 180 degrees for the trans
configuration.
(Peptide)of
the detection is seen as prevent an aging big breakthrough of the
skin, guide the hairdressing protects the skin science and
technology to exceed into the cell to protect the skin of new era,
in 2002 skin science conference in the worlds, the argument Peptide
is converse the skin of aging all-new biotechnology of a, 2003 the
skin section annual convention up the experiment that announce the
Peptide effect announces, the experiment result shows only the
centesimal dosage of needing the equal to vitamin A to can
immediately acquire the same skin improvement effect, and more more
gentle than the vitamin A.
So-called Peptide is also a protein, protein by amino acids(the
Amino Acid) constitute, and Peptide by more than 2-50 amino acidses
constitute, have the physiology activity, what to play is the role
of the hormone or enzyme.The Peptide that uses in the cosmetics,
have another is connected and become by 3-7 amino acidses, often
speak most currently of is 5 or 6 two kinds of, because the amino
acids contain more than 20 kinds, as long as a the amino acids
category that connects to constitute is different, there will be the
different function.
The Peptide molecular weight is very small, don't need to carry the
body particularly or emulsify the technique, but because the Peptide
belongs to get close to water sex, combine fat, become the lipid
solubility Peptide, wear more easily deeply the skin to reach the
result.
After completing the
combination of the sequence, will contain the tree ester(500 mgs) of
the peptide to place to go into a bottom bottle, it contains the 10
ml aqua to include 2.5% B alkane two sulphur (ethanedithiol)s/1.25%
benzene oxygen methane anisole/1.25% H2 Os/95% TFA carries on
incising the reaction, responding also is dissolved in the 50 mls
after indoor temperature carrying on 2nd after hours, filtering aqua
and joining the cold B ether of the 200 mls to precipitate the
peptide, thick peptide then in collecting, 5% acetic acid aqua,
again to the refrigeration aridity. |
